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Virginia SOL Mathematics Textbook

Grade 6 Workbook — Chapter 3: Multiplying and Dividing Integers; Absolute Value Expressions

SOL 6.CE.2 a, b, c, d · Companion to Textbook Chapter 3

Each page below is one Canva page. Headings are sized for direct paste: page title as H1, section labels as H2. Figures referenced by filename live in ../figures/.


PAGE 1 — Chapter opener

Chapter 3 · Multiplying and Dividing Integers

Standard 6.CE.2

In this chapter you will:

Words to know: factor · product · dividend · divisor · quotient · fact family · absolute value bars · rate

Calculator note: 6.CE.2a and 6.CE.2b are assessed WITHOUT a calculator. Estimate before you compute, every time.


PAGE 2 — Multiplication as groups

3.1 Modeling Integer Multiplication

FIGURE: fig13-chip-multiplication-groups.png (full width)

First factor = HOW MANY GROUPS. Second factor = WHAT IS IN EACH GROUP. A negative first factor means REMOVE groups instead of adding them.

Complete the table.

Product Model in words Value
3×(−5)3 \times (-5) 3 groups of 5 red chips
−4×2-4 \times 2 remove 4 groups of 2 yellow chips
−2×(−6)-2 \times (-6) remove 2 groups of 6 red chips
5×(−4)5 \times (-4)
−6×3-6 \times 3
−3×(−7)-3 \times (-7)

Repeated addition. Write 5×(−2)5 \times (-2) as an addition and find the product.

__________________________________ = ______

Follow the pattern. Fill in the missing values and describe the step.

−4×2=-4 \times 2 = ______ −4×1=-4 \times 1 = ______ −4×0=-4 \times 0 = ______ −4×(−1)=-4 \times (-1) = ______ −4×(−2)=-4 \times (-2) = ______

Each product goes ________ by ________ as you read down.

FIGURE: fig15-pattern-table-negative-times-negative.png (half width, right)


PAGE 3 — Division as sharing

Modeling Integer Division

FIGURE: fig16-chip-division-sharing.png (full width)

Find each quotient. Say whether you shared or measured.

a) −18÷6=-18 \div 6 = ______ b) −20÷(−5)=-20 \div (-5) = ______ c) −24÷8=-24 \div 8 = ______
d) −30÷(−6)=-30 \div (-6) = ______ e) 28÷(−7)=28 \div (-7) = ______ f) −21÷7=-21 \div 7 = ______

Fact family. Write all four facts using −6-6, 44, and −24-24.



FIGURE: fig14-numberline-multiplication-jumps.png (full width, bottom)

Apply it. A well's water level drops 3 feet each week for 6 weeks.

Sentence: __________________ Total change: ______ What it means: ______________________


PAGE 4 — Exit ticket 3.1

Exit Ticket · Lesson 3.1

Name: ________________________ Date: ____________

  1. 6×(−2)=6 \times (-2) = ______

  2. −3×(−5)=-3 \times (-5) = ______

  3. −21÷7=-21 \div 7 = ______

  4. How does the chip model show that removing groups of red chips raises a pile's value?



PAGE 5 — The sign rules

3.2 Multiplying and Dividing Integers

Fill in the rules.

Same signs → the result is ____________.

Different signs → the result is ____________.

These rules work for ____________ and for ____________.

Find each answer.

a) −9×4=-9 \times 4 = ______ b) −7×(−8)=-7 \times (-8) = ______ c) −56÷7=-56 \div 7 = ______
d) −45÷(−9)=-45 \div (-9) = ______ e) −11×6=-11 \times 6 = ______ f) −13×(−4)=-13 \times (-4) = ______
g) 15×(−8)=15 \times (-8) = ______ h) −1×(−25)=-1 \times (-25) = ______ i) −144÷12=-144 \div 12 = ______
j) −81÷(−9)=-81 \div (-9) = ______ k) 100÷(−25)=100 \div (-25) = ______ l) −20×(−3)=-20 \times (-3) = ______

PAGE 6 — Many factors, and estimating

Counting the Negatives

Even number of negative factors → POSITIVE. Odd number → NEGATIVE.

Predict the sign, then find the product.

Expression Negative factors Sign Product
−3×(−2)×(−5)-3 \times (-2) \times (-5)
(−4)×(−3)×(−2)(-4) \times (-3) \times (-2)
−2×3×(−4)-2 \times 3 \times (-4)
(−2)×(−3)×(−4)×(−5)(-2) \times (-3) \times (-4) \times (-5)

Sign only. Do not compute.

(−1)×(−2)(-1) \times (-2): ______ (−1)×(−2)×(−3)(-1) \times (-2) \times (-3): ______ (−2)×5×(−3)(-2) \times 5 \times (-3): ______ 4×(−1)×(−2)×(−3)4 \times (-1) \times (-2) \times (-3): ______

Estimate, then compute.

Problem Estimate Exact
−38×21-38 \times 21
−296÷4-296 \div 4
−19×31-19 \times 31

Find the missing number.

−7×    ‾=63-7 \times \underline{\ \ \ \ } = 63     ‾÷(−6)=−5\underline{\ \ \ \ } \div (-6) = -5 −8×    ‾=−96-8 \times \underline{\ \ \ \ } = -96


PAGE 7 — Exit ticket 3.2

Exit Ticket · Lesson 3.2

Name: ________________________ Date: ____________

  1. −8×9=-8 \times 9 = ______

  2. −6×(−12)=-6 \times (-12) = ______

  3. −75÷(−5)=-75 \div (-5) = ______

  4. Using a fact family, explain why a negative divided by a negative is positive.



PAGE 8 — Inside the bars first

3.3 Expressions with Absolute Value Bars

Step 1: simplify INSIDE the bars. Step 2: take the absolute value. Step 3: apply anything OUTSIDE the bars, such as a negative sign.

FIGURE: fig17-absolute-value-expression-numberline.png (full width)

Show all three steps.

Expression Inside the bars Absolute value Final value
∣3−7∣\lvert 3 - 7 \rvert
−∣3−7∣-\lvert 3 - 7 \rvert
∣−2+10∣\lvert -2 + 10 \rvert
−∣−5−5∣-\lvert -5 - 5 \rvert
∣6×(−3)∣\lvert 6 \times (-3) \rvert
−∣36÷(−6)∣-\lvert 36 \div (-6) \rvert

Compare. Simplify each and notice which ones match.

∣9−4∣=|9 - 4| = ______ ∣4−9∣=|4 - 9| = ______ −∣4−9∣=-|4 - 9| = ______ −∣9−4∣=-|9 - 4| = ______


PAGE 9 — Showing the result on a number line

Graphing the Result

FIGURE: fig18-numberline-negative-abs-result.png (full width)

Simplify, then plot each result on the number line below with a solid dot.

  1. −∣2−11∣=-|2 - 11| = ______

  2. ∣−8+3∣=|-8 + 3| = ______ 3. −∣−8+3∣=-|-8 + 3| = ______

  3. ∣−7−6∣=|-7 - 6| = ______ 5. −∣−7−6∣=-|-7 - 6| = ______

  4. ∣−4×5∣=|-4 \times 5| = ______

BLANK NUMBER LINE: -15 to 25, ticks unlabeled for student use

Which is greater? ∣−3−4∣|-3 - 4| or −∣3+4∣-|3 + 4|? ______

Show both values: ______ and ______

Apply it. A stock's price moved from $52 to $45.

Size of the change (use bars): __________________ = ______

Signed change: __________________ = ______


PAGE 10 — Exit ticket 3.3

Exit Ticket · Lesson 3.3

Name: ________________________ Date: ____________

  1. ∣7−12∣=|7 - 12| = ______

  2. −∣7−12∣=-|7 - 12| = ______

  3. −∣−9+2∣=-|-9 + 2| = ______

  4. Mark the answer to item 3 on the number line, then explain why the sign outside the bars is applied last.

BLANK NUMBER LINE: -10 to 10, ticks unlabeled for student use



PAGE 11 — Choosing the operation

3.4 Problems in Context

The question asks Operation
result after one change add
how far apart two values are subtract
a repeated change multiply
a change split into equal parts divide

Complete the table.

Situation Operation(s) Number sentence Answer
Temperature −3-3°C falls 5 degrees per hour for 4 hours
An account loses $12 each week for 7 weeks
A balloon 240 ft up descends 30 ft per minute until it lands
72 points lost, spread equally over 6 rounds
A diver at −15-15 ft descends 6 ft per minute for 9 minutes

PAGE 12 — Two steps, and a check

Two-Step Problems

Solve. Show each step and write what the answer means.

  1. A debt of $150 is shared equally among 5 people. Each share: ______

  2. At midnight it was −8-8°F. It rose 3 degrees each hour for 6 hours.

    Step 1: ____________ Step 2: ____________ At 6 a.m.: ______

  3. A player takes 5 penalties of −4-4 points and earns one 3030-point bonus.

    Sentence: __________________ Total change: ______

  4. An elevator starts on floor 12 and goes down 3 floors at each of 6 stops.

    Sentence: __________________ Ending level: ______

  5. Estimate, then compute: −296÷4-296 \div 4. Estimate: ______ Exact: ______

Challenge. Two students simplify −6×4+10-6 \times 4 + 10. One gets −14-14; the other gets −84-84.

Who is correct? ______ What mistake did the other student make?



PAGE 13 — Exit ticket 3.4

Exit Ticket · Lesson 3.4

Name: ________________________ Date: ____________

  1. The temperature is 22°F and falls 5 degrees each hour for 3 hours. Final temperature: ______

  2. A penalty of 84 points is spread equally over 7 rounds. Change each round: ______

  3. Estimate −51×19-51 \times 19: ______ Exact: ______

  4. How do you decide whether a problem calls for multiplication or division?



PAGE 14 — Chapter 3 review, part 1

Chapter 3 Review

Part A · Modeling

  1. a) 4×(−6)=4 \times (-6) = ______ b) −5×3=-5 \times 3 = ______ c) −3×(−4)=-3 \times (-4) = ______

  2. a) −20÷4=-20 \div 4 = ______ b) −27÷(−9)=-27 \div (-9) = ______

  3. Sentence modeled by 6 groups of 2 red chips: __________________ Product: ______

  4. Use −5×2-5 \times 2, −5×1-5 \times 1, −5×0-5 \times 0, −5×(−1)-5 \times (-1) to explain why two negatives multiply to a positive.


Part B · Multiplying and dividing

  1. a) −14×5=-14 \times 5 = ______ b) −9×(−11)=-9 \times (-11) = ______ c) 16×(−7)=16 \times (-7) = ______ d) −20×(−3)=-20 \times (-3) = ______

  2. a) −132÷11=-132 \div 11 = ______ b) −64÷(−8)=-64 \div (-8) = ______ c) 91÷(−7)=91 \div (-7) = ______

  3. (−2)×(−5)×(−3)=(-2) \times (-5) \times (-3) = ______

  4. Missing number: a) −8×    ‾=−96-8 \times \underline{\ \ \ \ } = -96 b)     ‾÷(−7)=9\underline{\ \ \ \ } \div (-7) = 9


PAGE 15 — Chapter 3 review, part 2

Chapter 3 Review (continued)

Part C · Absolute value expressions

  1. a) ∣6−14∣=|6 - 14| = ______ b) −∣6−14∣=-|6 - 14| = ______

  2. a) ∣−5+(−9)∣=|-5 + (-9)| = ______ b) −∣−5+(−9)∣=-|-5 + (-9)| = ______

  3. a) ∣−9×3∣=|-9 \times 3| = ______ b) −∣48÷(−6)∣=-|48 \div (-6)| = ______

  4. −∣3−10∣=-|3 - 10| = ______ Where does it go on a number line? ______________________

Part D · In context

  1. A diver at −20-20 ft descends 7 ft each minute for 6 minutes. Final depth: ______

  2. A loss of $144 is shared equally among 8 people. Each share: ______

  3. Estimate −42×29-42 \times 29: ______ Exact: ______

  4. The temperature is −20-20°F and rises 4 degrees each hour. Hours until it reaches 00°F: ______

    Which operation did you use, and why? _______________________________________________


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